If I remember correctly, SA (possibly introduced in MoF) had a system where if you entered a spell card while bombing, the boss would be bomb-immune until the bomb ended, and you would get the capture bonus if you completed the rest of the card successfully. Or at least, I'm sure of the first half (the bomb immunity), and in my very limited experience, I believe the second half (the spell bonus) to be true. If so, I would expect all following games to use that system as well, at least for bombs. For Trance, it's probably just a set timer.
By the way, Kyouko's floppy ears are extremely cute.